Pool Deck Repairs: Ultimate Guide to Fixing Concrete Pool Deck Settlement

Imagine stepping onto your pool deck, ready for a relaxing day by the water, only to feel an uneven surface beneath your feet. You notice unsightly cracks running through the concrete, a stark reminder that your once-pristine pool area is now showing signs of wear.

These settlement cracks not only disrupt the aesthetics but can also pose safety hazards. But don’t worry—repairing these cracks is possible. In this post, we’ll explore how to fix concrete pool deck settlement cracks, restore your outdoor space to its former glory, and ensure a safe, smooth surface for everyone.

Disclaimer: We do not repair cracks or address flaking concrete surfaces. We only raise concrete.

Cause of Pool Deck Concrete Cracking and Settling

Due to environmental and structural factors, concrete pool decks are often vulnerable to cracking and settling. A frequent driver is the freeze-thaw cycles experienced throughout the year. When water trapped in concrete expands upon freezing and contracts when thawing, it can initiate cracks and crevices in the deck.

Moreover, Soil beneath the concrete that shifts or settles can exacerbate this issue, especially if it was not compacted adequately during the pool’s installation or if the moisture content within the soil fluctuates, leading to soil displacement and voids.

Understanding these causes is critical for homeowners planning pool deck repair projects, as they influence the choice of repair methods and the longevity of the solutions. Notably, most concrete pool deck leveling and repair projects can be efficiently completed within a day by experienced crews.

Additionally, the composition of the concrete itself is pivotal, as a poorly mixed batch can compromise strength and durability, inviting cracks. Age cannot be ignored; over time, even the sturdiest pool decks lose resilience and become more prone to damage.

Signs of Concrete Pool Deck Settlement

Visible cracking in pool deck concrete

Visible cracking in pool deck concrete is often the most apparent sign of underlying issues. These cracks can range from minor hairline fractures to, more concerning, wider gaps. While minor cracking is normal as concrete ages due to its rigid nature, significant cracking generally indicates more severe problems, such as soil settlement or movement beneath the slab.

Fluctuations in temperature and moisture conditions around the pool area exacerbate these concrete cracks over time. Cracks can serve as entry points for water, which worsens the problem by promoting further freeze-thaw damage or allowing water to reach and erode the supporting soil. It’s essential to regularly monitor the magnitude of these visible fractures and address them promptly to prevent further deterioration of the pool deck.

Additionally, aesthetic concerns come into play, as visible cracking certainly impacts the appearance of the concrete. It can affect the overall look and feel of a pool environment. Therefore, taking early corrective action helps maintain the pool deck’s structural integrity and preserves its visual appeal.

Uneven or sinking slabs around the pool area

Uneven or sinking slabs around the pool area are telltale signs of settlement, which can create significant hazards and undermine the structural integrity of a pool deck. This settlement typically results from the soil compaction underneath the concrete, which may not have been adequately compacted during the initial pool installation. Over time, soil erosion due to water runoff can also create voids, sinking concrete sections.

The unevenness presents safety concerns, especially in a pool environment where water from the pool can make the slippery surface even more treacherous. People walking or playing around the pool are at risk of tripping or falling due to these irregularities in the surface.

In terms of aesthetics, an uneven pool deck can dramatically detract from the overall appearance of a poolside setting. It suggests a lack of maintenance and can give an otherwise well-cared-for pool a neglected ambiance.

Proper diagnosis of the sinking and unevenness can identify the extent of the issue. Sometimes, slabjacking or mud jacking can raise and stabilize the concrete and remedy the problem without a complete replacement. Addressing these signs of settlement early on can help maintain the pool area’s overall safety and prolong the concrete deck’s life.

Trip hazards created by shifting concrete sections

Trip hazards are critical safety issues from shifting concrete sections around pool areas. When concrete slabs shift, they can lift or sink, creating uneven surfaces where one section of the deck becomes higher or lower than the adjacent section. This unevenness results in edges and lips that are easily overlooked and can catch bare feet, leading to trips and falls. Given that pool areas are often frequented by children and the elderly, these hazards are even more concerning.

The shifting is usually due to a combination of soil movement underneath the concrete and the operational stresses of the pool deck, including the weight of pool furniture, foot traffic, and, in some cases, the impact of heavy pool equipment. Additionally, water from the pool can exacerbate the problem, as it may wash away fine soil particles over time, creating voids into which the concrete may sink or tilt.

Addressing trip hazards promptly is imperative to prevent accidents and avoid the potential costs associated with pool deck replacement. A professional evaluation can determine the degree of risk present and recommend the appropriate steps to level and secure the concrete.

Innovative solutions like Mudjacking concrete lifting and leveling offer a faster, more affordable alternative to pool deck replacement. They restore the deck to a safe and usable condition without requiring extensive replacement work.

Pooling of water in certain areas due to uneven surfaces

Water pooling on the pool deck indicates an uneven surface and can worsen concrete conditions. When water collects in certain areas, it suggests that the underlying support has become uneven, with sections of the concrete having settled or sunk. Even slight differences in elevation can result in water stagnation.

This standing water poses several risks. Firstly, it can encourage algae or mildew growth, creating slippery spots that are hazardous for pool users. Over time, the constant presence of water can penetrate the concrete surface, potentially causing further soil erosion or exacerbating existing cracks and joints.

Moreover, during cold weather, the trapped water can freeze, expanding and exerting pressure on the concrete, magnifying the cracks and possibly leading to more significant structural damage. Pooling water also serves as a breeding ground for insects such as mosquitoes, creating a nuisance and potential health risks for those using the pool area.

To prevent the issue from escalating, it is crucial to correct the uneven surfaces which allow water to pool. Proper drainage solutions should be installed and the concrete slabs may need to be raised or leveled through mudjacking or other repair methodologies to ensure that water flows away properly and does not collect on the pool deck.

Discoloration and flaking on concrete surfaces indicating deterioration

Discoloration and flaking, or spalling, on concrete surfaces are early indicators of deterioration and can compromise a pool deck’s aesthetic and functional integrity. Discoloration can arise from various factors, including uneven sealant application, using incompatible chemicals in the pool, and exposure to weather elements such as UV radiation and moisture.

Conversely, flaking typically occurs when the top layer of the concrete separates from the base. This phenomenon may be caused by freeze-thaw cycles, poor concrete mix, or improper finishing techniques during installation.

This flaking affects the pool deck’s visual appeal and hints at a weakened surface layer. It could potentially reveal the more porous and less durable aggregate underneath. Once this aggregate is exposed, the concrete becomes more susceptible to water absorption, leading to further damage and deterioration.

Properly addressing these signs of degradation is crucial for longevity and safety. If the discoloration is superficial, re-sealing the concrete may solve the issue. However, more significant flaking may require concrete resurfacing or repair to restore the structural integrity and aesthetics of the pool deck. Left untreated, these issues could lead to more severe damage, requiring extensive repairs or complete replacement of the decking material.

Gaps between the pool coping and deck

Gaps between the pool coping and the deck are red flags that should not be ignored. Pool coping is the material above the tile line that generally covers the top of the pool structure; it serves both aesthetic and practical purposes by protecting the pool’s edge and providing a non-skid surface for swimmers.

When gaps develop between the coping and the deck, several detrimental effects can occur. For starters, the gap can allow water to seep behind the pool walls, leading to erosion, structural damage, or even the formation of sinkholes. These gaps can also become trip hazards if they are significant enough to cause an uneven surface.

The weather, ground movement, and natural wear and tear can cause the coping to shift or the deck to settle over time, creating gaps. Furthermore, in some cases, these gaps indicate a problem with the bond beam, the horizontal structure that supports the coping, which may have been damaged or weakened.

It’s essential to remedy this separation promptly. Certain products like AquaFlex Underwater Sealant are designed for use even in wet conditions and can help re-bond the coping to the deck.

This flexible sealant accommodates deck shifts and movement, ensuring the integrity of the bond is maintained despite the elements and the natural shifting that occurs with time. Addressing gaps between the pool coping and the deck prevents potential safety issues and maintains the pool’s appearance and structural health.

Soil erosion around the pool deck perimeter

Soil erosion around the pool deck perimeter is an environmental challenge that can lead to various structural issues. This erosion often becomes visible when you notice changes in the landscaping or soil levels near the pool area or when exposed roots and underground utilities become apparent.

Soil erosion can occur due to improper drainage, where water from the pool or rain does not properly flow away from the deck, undermining the supporting earth.

Other contributors to soil erosion may include heavy foot traffic that wears away grass and compacts the earth around the pool edges or the absence of adequate vegetation or ground cover to secure the soil in place. Furthermore, overwatering or leaking pool water can saturate the ground, seducing soil stability and promoting erosion.

The consequences of unchecked soil erosion are substantial. Beyond the loss of the soil itself, erosion can lead to the settling above and cracking of the concrete slabs, as the earth that once supported the slabs is washed away. It can also negatively impact the pool’s filtration system and plumbing, sometimes situated close to the pool’s edge and can become damaged as erosion progresses.

Addressing soil erosion requires a multifaceted approach, including ensuring proper drainage around the pool. This may entail installing or repairing drain tiles or redesigning the landscape to divert water from the pool deck to more absorbent areas.

Incorporating erosion control measures such as retaining walls or integrating deep-rooted plants to help hold the soil in place is also beneficial. These strategies can mitigate erosion and protect the pool deck from potential settling and damage from soil loss.

Guide to Repairing Your Cracked Pool Deck Concrete

There are several methods for fixing concrete pool deck settlement, depending on the severity of the issue. For most settling pool decks, you can use mudjacking, where a mixture of cement, sand, and water is injected beneath the concrete to lift and level it. This is a cost-effective and minimally invasive solution for pool deck leveling.

Mudjacking is a time-proven method of repairing a cracked pool deck. It restores the concrete to its original position and stability without requiring a complete overhaul.

For a more severe settlement, you may need to completely replace the concrete pool deck. However, this is a more expensive and invasive option.

Here’s a simplified guide to the mudjacking process:

1. Assessment: A professional contractor will first assess the extent of the damage, including the size and pattern of the cracks, the degree of unevenness, and the condition of the underlying soil.
2. Preparation: To prepare for mudjacking, the area needs to be cleared of any movable objects, and any large debris around the cracks should be removed.
3. Hole Drilling: The contractor then drills small holes, typically about 1 to 2 inches in diameter, through the affected concrete slabs to access the space underneath.
4. Material Injection: Through these holes, the mudjacking mixture is hydraulically pumped under the slab. As the mixture is injected, it spreads out and exerts upward pressure, causing the slab to lift.
5. Monitoring the Lift: The contractor carefully monitors the rising concrete to ensure it aligns correctly with the rest of the pool deck. Precision is key here to avoid over-lifting or creating new uneven spots.
6. Hole Sealing: Once the concrete slab is raised to the desired level and stable, the drilled holes are filled with concrete or a matching material to seal them and maintain the deck’s aesthetics.
7. Clean Up and Curing: Any remaining mixture around the work area is cleaned, and the pool deck is left to cure. The mudjacking material typically sets quickly, allowing the pool area to be walked on within a day and fully functional within 24 to 48 hours.

When considering mudjacking for pool deck repair, it is advisable to seek professional contractors who specialize in this technique (Concrete Chiropractor’s team of experts with over 20 years of experience in Concrete lifting). They will have the expertise to determine the right consistency of the mudjacking mixture and the appropriate pressure needed to elevate and stabilize the concrete effectively while avoiding damage to the pool structure.

Post-Repair: Maintenance Tips for preventing future cracks on your pool deck

Regular cleaning and debris removal

Maintaining a concrete pool deck in good condition after repairs primarily involves observing regular cleaning and debris removal. Keeping the surface clean not only enhances the aesthetics of the pool area but also prevents the accumulation of dirt, leaves, and other materials that could degrade the concrete over time.

Here are some tips for regular concrete pool deck cleaning:

• Sweep the deck regularly to remove loose debris, such as leaves and dirt, which could stain the concrete or clog drains, leading to water pooling.
• Use a garden hose or a pressure washer on a gentle setting to wash away accumulated grime. Be attentive to the pressure used, as too intense a setting could damage the concrete surface.
• Immediately clean up any spills caused by harsh chemicals or materials that could discolor or erode the sealant or concrete.
• Consider periodic use of a mild detergent or concrete cleaner for a deeper clean, especially where stains persist.

Sealing the concrete to minimize water penetration

Sealing the concrete is integral to maintaining a pool deck because it protects the surface from the various elements it is exposed to, notably water penetration. Water is one of the primary causes of concrete deterioration, as it can seep into the surface, freeze, expand, and create cracks.

A high-quality concrete sealer can prevent water from penetrating the surface and protect against chlorine, salt from pool water, UV rays, and stains. A penetrating sealer is often preferred for pool decks. These sealers absorb into the concrete to create a protective barrier beneath the surface, and they can last for several years before reapplication is necessary.

Here’s what to consider when sealing concrete:

• Ensure the pool deck is immaculate and dry before starting the sealing process.
• Choose a sealer appropriate for the specific conditions of a pool deck, considering factors such as slip resistance and exposure to chemicals.
• Apply the sealer according to the manufacturer’s instructions, often using a roller or sprayer for an even coating.
• Allow sufficient drying time for the sealer; some products may require one or more coats for maximum protection.
• Follow the resealing recommendations of the product used to maintain a protective layer over time.

Monitoring for drainage issues around the pool deck

Monitoring for drainage issues around the pool deck is critical to preserving the integrity of the concrete and preventing the same settling and cracking problems that may have necessitated repairs like mudjacking in the first place.

Proper drainage ensures that water—from rain, pool splashes, or cleaning—does not accumulate on or around the deck, which can lead to soil erosion and create hydrostatic pressure under the concrete.

Here’s how to monitor and address drainage concerns:

• Regularly inspect the area around the pool, especially after heavy rains, to see if water drains away quickly or stands for extended periods.
• Check for signs of clogged drainage systems, such as leaves or other debris blocking grates or channels.
• Observe if changes in the landscape or terrain around the pool could affect drainage patterns.
• Ensure gutters, downspouts, or other runoff systems are directed away from the pool area to prevent excessive water flow towards the pool deck.
• Look for any new cracks or movement in the concrete that might indicate drainage-related soil shifts beneath the pool deck.

Avoiding the use of deicing salts and chemicals

Avoiding deicing salts and chemicals is an important preventive measure to extend the life of your pool deck, especially in regions that experience cold winters. These substances, commonly used to melt ice and snow, can be highly corrosive to concrete surfaces. Here’s why their use should be avoided and what alternatives exist:

• Deicing salts can lead to a “salt attack,” which is the breakdown of the concrete surface as it reacts with the salt.
• Chemical deicers can seep into the porous concrete, promote rebar corrosion, and exacerbate freeze-thaw damage by increasing the number of freeze-thaw cycles the concrete undergoes.
• Repeated applications of these chemicals can stain the concrete and erode the finish or sealant over time.

Ensuring proper weight distribution on the pool deck

Ensuring proper weight distribution on the pool deck is another crucial aspect of preventing future cracks or settling. Uneven or concentrated loads can stress the concrete and cause damage over time, particularly in areas that have been repaired or are predisposed to movement due to underlying soil conditions.

Consider these guidelines for maintaining proper weight distribution:

• Arrange pool furniture, equipment, and heavy potted plants evenly across the deck, avoiding clustering loads in one area.
• Use furniture with a broader base or footings to distribute the weight more evenly and prevent pressure points that could crack or stress the concrete.
• Install heavy fixtures, like grills or permanent seating, over a structurally reinforced area that can handle the added weight.
• Be mindful of guest distribution in large gatherings to prevent overcrowding in some deck areas.

Scheduling periodic professional inspections

Scheduling periodic professional inspections of your pool deck is an investment in preventive care that ensures your outdoor space’s long-term durability and safety. These inspections, performed by experienced contractors, can identify potential issues before they become significant problems requiring costly repairs.

When to Call a Concrete Pool Deck Settlement Professional

Recognizing when to call a professional for concrete pool deck settlement issues is crucial for ensuring timely repairs and preventing minor problems from escalating into major structural concerns.

While homeowners can handle minor cosmetic issues, professional intervention is needed when structural integrity is at stake, or the repairs require specialized knowledge and tools.

Look for a reputable and experienced contractor who specializes in pool deck lifting repair. They will have the necessary equipment and expertise to properly assess and fix the issue.

Understanding the causes of concrete pool deck settlement and taking the necessary steps to fix and prevent it can ensure a safe and enjoyable pool deck for years. Don’t let concrete sinking ruin your summer fun—take action and fix it today!

Concrete Chiropractor’s team of experts has decades of experience raising sunken concrete pool deck slabs. We are a professional concrete leveling service that has helped thousands of homeowners avoid the cost of concrete replacement.

You can see pool deck concrete being raised in this video:

To see what concrete leveling can do for you, request a FREE estimate from our seasoned professionals.

FAQs about Pool Deck Repairs

Can I fix pool deck cracks myself?

Yes, minor cracks in a pool deck can often be repaired using DIY concrete patch kits or fillers. However, larger or structural cracks might require professional attention to ensure long-lasting results and prevent further damage.

How do I know if my pool deck needs professional repair?

Large, widening cracks, uneven surfaces, or sinking areas indicate that your pool deck needs professional repair. A professional assessment is also recommended if the deck feels unstable or shows signs of erosion.

How long should a concrete pool deck last?

A well-maintained concrete pool deck can last 50-75 years. Regular sealing and proper care help extend its lifespan. Factors like climate, usage, and quality of installation also impact its longevity.

Why is my pool deck cracking?

Pool deck cracking can result from soil movement, freeze-thaw cycles, improper installation, or lack of joint control. Excessive water exposure and heavy usage can also contribute to cracking over time.